Immigration · Romania

Romanian citizenship by descent

Updated

Article 11 of Law 21/1991 lets former citizens who lost Romanian citizenship involuntarily, and their descendants up to degree 31, reacquire it without living in Romania. We trace the records, translate them and file your application with the National Citizenship Authority (ANC).

Get a quote

Checked against Law 21/1991 and ANC

Descendants eligible, up to degree
31
Dual citizenship
Yes1
Residence years for ordinary naturalisation
8 years13

Figures checked

For children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren of Romanian citizens — including families from the Republic of Moldova and northern Bukovina.

Romanian citizenship by descent: key facts

EU memberSchengen

Descent reaches degree 31 — a parent, grandparent or great-grandparent. Ordinary naturalisation, by contrast, asks for 8 years13 of residence.

  • Descendants eligible, up to degree31
  • Dual citizenship allowedYes1
  • Residence for ordinary naturalisation8 years13

Figures checked

How to get Romanian citizenship through ancestry

Degree 31 is the limit: your parent, grandparent or great-grandparent must have held Romanian citizenship and lost it for reasons not of their own choosing. Border changes after 1940, forced emigration and administrative deprivation are the typical cases.

You file with ANC in Bucharest or through a Romanian consulate. There is no residence requirement. Citizenship takes effect when you take the oath; after that you apply for a Romanian birth certificate and then a passport.

Article 10 is a different door. It covers people who were Romanian themselves and ask to have it back. Article 11 is the one that reaches descendants.

Company owners changing tax residency

A Romanian passport makes you an EU citizen. You can live and run a business anywhere in the EU without a permit — but citizenship does not move your tax residency. Where you pay tax depends on where you live and manage the business; see the Romanian tax system and the micro-enterprise regime.

Owners without a qualifying ancestor use shareholder residence instead: a permit up to 1 year24, renewed for as long as the company trades.

Moldovans, Bukovina families and Jewish descendants

The ancestor is the case. If the record of their Romanian citizenship cannot be found, no form will fix it.

Most Article 11 files come from the Republic of Moldova and Ukraine, where Romanian citizenship was lost with the 1940 territorial changes. Descendants of Romanian Jews who were stripped of citizenship or left under pressure fall under the same article; the archive trail simply looks different.

Who this route is not for

  • Great-great-grandchildren: the law stops at degree 31.
  • Descendants of people who gave up Romanian citizenship voluntarily.
  • Anyone hoping to buy citizenship: Romania has no investment route. Look at the work permit instead.

Descent vs naturalisation: one parameter, residence

Schengen
Ordinary naturalisation (Art. 8)Citizenship by descent (Art. 11)
Residence in Romania before applying8 years13None
Who qualifiesAny foreigner with legal residenceDescendants up to degree 31
Keep your current passportYes1Yes1
Starting pointA residence permit, e.g. work permitYour ancestor’s Romanian records

Romanian citizenship requirements by descent

Conditions come from Law 21/1991 on Romanian citizenship, Article 11, as applied by ANC.

RequirementThresholdNotes
Ancestor held Romanian citizenshipBirth, marriage or civil records from Romanian archives, or from the archives of the territory at the time.
Citizenship lost involuntarilyLost for reasons not attributable to the ancestor, e.g. border changes or deprivation.
Degree of kinship31Parent, grandparent or great-grandparent. Each link needs a birth certificate.
Oath of allegianceCitizenship takes effect only after the oath.
Clean criminal recordCertificate from your country, apostilled, with a sworn Romanian translation.

Family members

  • Each adult descendant files their own application.
  • A spouse without Romanian ancestry does not qualify under Article 11; after marriage to a Romanian citizen the naturalisation clock is shorter.

Who this is not for

  • Applicants who cannot document every generation between them and the Romanian ancestor.
  • People whose ancestor renounced citizenship on request.

Already a citizen? See using a Romanian passport abroad.

Get a quote

Common reasons for refusal

Checked on

Kinship beyond the legal degree

Article 11 stops at degree 31.

We check the degree before any fee to ANC.

Voluntary loss of citizenship

Only involuntary loss opens Article 11.

Archive proof of how citizenship was lost.

A broken chain of documents

Every generation must be proven by civil records.

Archive search and certified copies for each link.

Name spelling mismatches

Transliterated names differ between countries’ records.

Sworn translations with a consistent spelling note.

Criminal record or security concerns

ANC assesses conduct and loyalty.

A clean certificate; disclose past cases in the form.

After a refusal

  • Read ANC’s written reasons.
  • The decision can be challenged in court within the term stated in it.

Romanian citizenship by descent application

The file stands or falls on the archive work done before submission.

  1. Family tree checkWe

    We map each generation to the Romanian ancestor and check the degree against the limit of 31.

  2. Archive searchWe

    We request the ancestor’s civil records from Romanian archives and civil status offices.

  3. Your documentsYou

    You collect birth and marriage certificates and the criminal record certificate, apostilled.

  4. Translation and filingWe

    We arrange sworn translations and file the application with ANC.

  5. ANC decision and oathAuthority

    ANC reviews the file; citizenship takes effect on oath.

    Citizenship certificate.

  6. Birth certificate and passportYou

    You transcribe your birth certificate into Romanian records, then apply for the passport.

What you receive

  • A family-tree assessment
  • The archive records we locate
  • Your ANC application, translated and filed

Romanian citizenship by descent cost

There is no standard package for citizenship: archive searches vary too much. ANC and consular fees are not published in our reference data, so we show them as not published.

ItemSingle applicantCoupleCouple with two children
Our work (archive search, translations, filing)Quoted per caseQuoted per caseQuoted per case
ANC and consular feesNot publishedNot publishedNot published
Applicants who qualify11 (spouse only if also a descendant)1 + children who are descendants
TotalNot publishedNot publishedNot published

Government fees are paid separately at cost and are listed below with their source.

Apostilles, sworn translations and archive copies are paid by you at cost.

Get a quote

Programme updates

  1. Romania became a full Schengen member: internal land border checks lifted.

    What it means for you: A Romanian passport now also means no internal land border checks with Schengen neighbours.

    Council of the EU

How we track changes

Romanian citizenship: questions

Can I get Romanian citizenship through a great-grandparent?

Yes. Article 11 covers descendants up to degree 3, and a great-grandparent is the third degree.

Does Romania allow dual citizenship?

Yes (Yes). You keep your current passport.

What documents are needed for Romanian citizenship by descent?

Your ancestor’s Romanian civil records, a birth certificate for every generation down to you, marriage certificates where names changed, and a criminal record certificate. Foreign documents need an apostille and a sworn Romanian translation.

Is there a language requirement?

Ordinary naturalisation after 8 years of residence requires Romanian language, culture and Constitution knowledge. For Article 11 files, ask us: we check what ANC asks in your case before filing.

What is the difference between Article 10 and Article 11?

Article 10 is for people who were Romanian themselves. Article 11 extends reacquisition to their descendants.

Can Moldovans get Romanian citizenship?

Many can: citizens of the Republic of Moldova whose ancestors lived in Bessarabia before 1940 usually qualify under Article 11 through the ancestor’s records.

Does a Romanian passport change where I pay tax?

No. Tax residency follows where you live and manage your business, not your passport. Owners without an ancestor can use shareholder residence, a permit up to 1 year.

Check your Romanian ancestry case

Tell us who your Romanian ancestor was and where they lived. We reply with the records we would look for and a quote for our part.

What happens after you write

  1. We read your message and reply with a written quote for our part of the work.
  2. You get the document list for your case, marked with what needs an apostille or a sworn translation.
  3. Nothing is filed and nothing is charged until you accept the quote.

We use your details only to answer this request. We usually reply within one business day.

Legal disclaimer The information on this site is general and is not legal advice for your specific situation. Legal disclaimer Editorial policy

Sources (4)

  1. 1
    Law 21/1991 on Romanian citizenship (republished)

    Ministry of Justice, Portal Legislativ (legislatie.just.ro) · Law · Checked on

    Used for Degree of descendants who can reacquire citizenship (Art. 11), Dual citizenship, Residence years for ordinary naturalisation

  2. 2
    Government Emergency Ordinance 194/2002 on the regime of foreigners in Romania

    Ministry of Justice, Portal Legislativ (legislatie.just.ro) · Law · Checked on

    Used for Shareholder residence permit validity

  3. 3
    Legislatie - Autoritatea Nationala pentru Cetatenie

    National Citizenship Authority (ANC) · Government · Checked on

    Used for Residence years for ordinary naturalisation

  4. 4
    Self-employed worker in Romania

    European Commission, EU Immigration Portal · Government · Checked on

    Used for Shareholder residence permit validity